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The Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation is an office new to the Obama Administration, created within the White House〔List of Entities.(Office of the President ), "WhiteHouse.gov, accessed August 3, 2009.〕 to catalyze new and innovative ways of encouraging government to do business differently. Its first director was the economist Sonal Shah. The current director is Jonathan Greenblatt. ==History== In 2009, President Barack Obama created the (White House Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation (SICP) ) as part of his Domestic Policy Council within the Executive Office of the President, the office that coordinates White House domestic policy.〔http://www.npr.org/templates/story/story.php?storyId=104648050〕 The idea for a White House Office for Social Entrepreneurship was first developed at the Center for American Progress by then-Senior Fellow and former Ashoka staffer Michele Jolin.〔http://csiqa.gsb.stanford.edu/innovating-white-house〕 In the past, public monies have been directed to social initiatives that are failing or that have little impact.〔Christensen, Clayton. ("The White House Office on Social Innovation: A New Paradigm for Solving Social Problems" ), huffingtonpost.com, July 1, 2009, accessed August 3, 2009.〕 At the same time, non profit organizations have found that that it is easy to secure short-term startup financing, but difficult to secure capital to sustain and expand successful programs. One aim of the new Office is to focus the flow of public resources into established programs that are well run and that have high impact on social problems,and to then use "government dollars as a catalyst to raise sustainable financing from foundations, businesses and individual donors." Building on ideas of past administrations, the Obama-Biden transition plans included the idea of creating an agency within the Corporation for National and Community Service dedicated to building the capacity and effectiveness of the nonprofit sector and using federal money to leverage private sector funding to improve local innovation, expand successful programs and test the impact of new ideas.〔http://change.gov/agenda/service_agenda/〕 This focus is critical because non-profits drive $1.5 trillion within the US economy, employ 13.5 million of Americans and contribute nearly 5.5% GDP, but struggle with a scarcity of resources.〔http://www.cnn.com/2012/10/19/opinion/schmitz-nonprofit-jobs/〕 Donations have dropped and traditional access to capital routes are more difficult for 501c3 organizations. By statute, they are not eligible for Small Business Authority (SBA) loans nor can they obtain many commercial debt products designed for small and medium enterprises.〔http://www.sba.gov/content/7a-eligibility/〕 At the same time, the social sector has changed. The emergence of scalable, market-based models of social change has been a driving force in recent years. This includes social enterprises with earned income strategies; mission-driven businesses that focus on achieving a double-bottom line; impact investors that seek to earn a financial return while achieving social benefit; and multinational companies pursuing models of corporate responsibility. No White House had focused on these trends until the Obama Administration created the Office of Social Innovation to build a policy agenda in this realm. 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Office of Social Innovation and Civic Participation」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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